Publications by Author

Authors who are active project participants

  • Katrina E. Bennett

    2022

    • Bennett, Katrina E., et al. “Spatial Patterns of Snow Distribution for Improved Earth System Modelling in the Arctic”. The Cryosphere, 2022, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-341.

    2021

    • Harp, Dylan R., et al. “New Insights into the Drainage of Inundated Ice-Wedge Polygons Using Fundamental Hydrologic Principles”. The Cryosphere, vol. 15, no. 8, 2021, pp. 4005-29, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4005-2021.

    2019

    • Bennett, Katrina E., et al. “Using MODIS Estimates of Fractional Snow Cover Area to Improve Streamflow Forecasts in Interior Alaska”. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, vol. 23, no. 5, 2019, pp. 2439-5, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2439-2019.
  • W. Robert Bolton

    2024

    • Wang, Chen, et al. “Local-Scale Heterogeneity of Soil Thermal Dynamics and Controlling Factors in a Discontinuous Permafrost Region”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 19, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad27bb .

    2022

    • Bennett, Katrina E., et al. “Spatial Patterns of Snow Distribution for Improved Earth System Modelling in the Arctic”. The Cryosphere, 2022, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-341.

    2020

    • Iversen, Colleen M., et al. “Building a Culture of Safety and Trust in Team Science”. Eos, vol. 101, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EO143064.
    • Euskirchen, Eugénie S., et al. “Co‐producing Knowledge: The Integrated Ecosystem Model for Resource Management in Arctic Alaska”. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, vol. 18, no. 1, 2020, pp. 447-55, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2176.

    2015

    • Lara, Mark J., et al. “Polygonal Tundra Geomorphological Change in Response to Warming Alters Future CO2 and CH4 Flux on the Barrow Peninsula”. Global Change Biology, vol. 21, no. 4, 2015, pp. 1634-51, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12757.
  • Amy L. Breen

    2024

    • Wang, Chen, et al. “Local-Scale Heterogeneity of Soil Thermal Dynamics and Controlling Factors in a Discontinuous Permafrost Region”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 19, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad27bb .

    2021

    • Mekonnen, Zelalem A., et al. “Arctic Tundra Shrubification: A Review of Mechanisms and Impacts on Ecosystem Carbon Balance”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 16, no. 5, 2021, p. 053001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abf28b.
    • Sulman, Benjamin N., et al. “Integrating Arctic Plant Functional Types in a Land Surface Model Using Above‐ and Belowground Field Observations”. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 13, no. 4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002396.
    • Yang, Dedi, et al. “Landscape-Scale Characterization of Arctic Tundra Vegetation Composition, Structure, and Function With a Multi-Sensor Unoccupied Aerial System”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 16, no. 8, 2021, p. 085005, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1291.
    • Kropp, Heather, et al. “Shallow Soils Are Warmer under Trees and Tall Shrubs across Arctic and Boreal Ecosystems”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 16, no. 1, 2021, p. 015001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abc994.
    • Mekonnen, Zelalem A., et al. “Topographical Controls on Hillslope‐Scale Hydrology Drive Shrub Distributions on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 126, no. 2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005823.

    2020

    • Yang, Dedi, et al. “A Multi-Sensor Unoccupied Aerial System Improves Characterization of Vegetation Composition and Canopy Properties in the Arctic Tundra”. Remote Sensing, vol. 12, no. 16, 2020, p. 2638, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162638.
    • Euskirchen, Eugénie S., et al. “Co‐producing Knowledge: The Integrated Ecosystem Model for Resource Management in Arctic Alaska”. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, vol. 18, no. 1, 2020, pp. 447-55, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2176.

    2019

    • Salmon, Verity G., et al. “Alder Distribution and Expansion across a Tundra Hillslope: Implications for Local N Cycling”. Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 10, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01099.
    • Langford, Zachary L., et al. “Arctic Vegetation Mapping Using Unsupervised Training Datasets and Convolutional Neural Networks”. Remote Sensing, vol. 11, no. 1, 2019, p. 69, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11010069.

    2016

    • Euskirchen, Eugénie S., et al. “Consequences of Changes in Vegetation and Snow Cover for Climate Feedbacks in Alaska and Northwest Canada”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 11, no. 10, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/10/105003.
    • Walker, Donald A., et al. “The Alaska Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA-AK)”. Phytocoenologia, vol. 46, no. 2, 2016, pp. 221-9, https://doi.org/10.1127/phyto/2016/0128.

    2015

    • Wullschleger, Stan D., et al. “Genomics in a Changing Arctic: Critical Questions Await the Molecular Ecologist”. Molecular Ecology, vol. 24, no. 10, 2015, pp. 2301-9, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13166.
  • Baptiste Dafflon

    2022

    • Dafflon, Baptiste, et al. “A Distributed Temperature Profiling System for Vertically and Laterally Dense Acquisition of Soil and Snow Temperature”. The Cryosphere, vol. 16, no. 2, 2022, pp. 719-36, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-719-2022.
    • Arendt, Carli A., et al. “Increased Arctic NO3− Availability As a Hydrogeomorphic Consequence of Permafrost Degradation and Landscape Drying”. Nitrogen, vol. 3, no. 2, 2022, pp. 314-32, https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen3020021.
    • Wielandt, Stijn, et al. “Low-Power, Flexible Sensor Arrays With Solderless Board-to-Board Connectors for Monitoring Soil Deformation and Temperature”. Sensors, vol. 22, no. 7, 2022, p. 2814, https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072814.
    • Shirley, Ian A., et al. “Rapidly Changing High-Latitude Seasonality: Implications for the 21st Century Carbon Cycle in Alaska”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 17, no. 1, 2022, p. 014032, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4362.
    • Bennett, Katrina E., et al. “Spatial Patterns of Snow Distribution for Improved Earth System Modelling in the Arctic”. The Cryosphere, 2022, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-341.

    2021

    • Uhlemann, Sebastian, et al. “Geophysical Monitoring Shows That Spatial Heterogeneity in Thermohydrological Dynamics Reshapes a Transitional Permafrost System”. Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 48, no. 6, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091149.
    • Wainwright, Haruko M., et al. “High-Resolution Spatio-Temporal Estimation of Net Ecosystem Exchange in Ice-Wedge Polygon Tundra Using In Situ Sensors and Remote Sensing Data”. Land, vol. 10, no. 7, 2021, p. 722, https://doi.org/10.3390/land10070722.

    2020

    • Jafarov, Elchin E., et al. “Estimation of Subsurface Porosities and Thermal Conductivities of Polygonal Tundra by Coupled Inversion of Electrical Resistivity, Temperature, and Moisture Content Data”. The Cryosphere, vol. 14, no. 1, 2020, pp. 77-91, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-77-2020.
    • Wales, Nathan A., et al. “Understanding the Relative Importance of Vertical and Horizontal Flow in Ice-Wedge Polygons”. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, vol. 24, no. 3, 2020, pp. 1109-2, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1109-2020.

    2019

    • Léger, Emmanuel, et al. “A Distributed Temperature Profiling Method for Assessing Spatial Variability in Ground Temperatures in a Discontinuous Permafrost Region of Alaska”. The Cryosphere, vol. 13, 2019, pp. 2853-67, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2853-2019.
    • Arora, Bhavna, et al. “Evaluating Temporal Controls on Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Fluxes in an Arctic Tundra Environment: An Entropy-Based Approach”. Science of The Total Environment, vol. 649, 2019, pp. 284-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.251.

    2018

    • Bisht, Gautam, et al. “Impacts of Microtopographic Snow Redistribution and Lateral Subsurface Processes on Hydrologic and Thermal States in an Arctic Polygonal Ground Ecosystem: A Case Study Using ELM-3D v1.0”. Geoscientific Model Development, vol. 11, no. 1, 2018, pp. 61-76, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-61-2018.
    • Tran, Anh Phuong, et al. “Spatial and Temporal Variations of Thaw Layer Thickness and Its Controlling Factors Identified Using Time-Lapse Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Hydro-Thermal Modeling”. Journal of Hydrology, vol. 561, 2018, pp. 751-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.04.028.

    2017

    • Dafflon, Baptiste, et al. “Coincident Aboveground and Belowground Autonomous Monitoring to Quantify Covariability in Permafrost, Soil, and Vegetation Properties in Arctic Tundra”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 122, no. 6, 2017, pp. 1321-42, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003724.
    • Tran, Anh Phuong, et al. “Coupled Land Surface-Subsurface Hydrogeophysical Inverse Modeling to Estimate Soil Organic Content and Explore Associated Hydrological and Thermal Dynamics in an Arctic Tundra”. The Cryosphere, vol. 11, 2017, pp. 2089-0, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-2089-2017.
    • Wu, Yuxin, et al. “Electrical and Seismic Response of Saline Permafrost Soil During Freeze - Thaw Transition”. Journal of Applied Geophysics, vol. 146, 2017, pp. 16-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2017.08.008.
    • Wainwright, Haruko M., et al. “Mapping Snow Depth Within a Tundra Ecosystem Using Multiscale Observations and Bayesian Methods”. The Cryosphere, vol. 11, no. 2, 2017, pp. 857-75, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-857-2017.
    • Léger, Emmanuel, et al. “Quantification of Arctic Soil and Permafrost Properties Using Ground-Penetrating Radar and Electrical Resistivity Tomography Datasets”. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, vol. 10, no. 10, 2017, pp. 4348-59, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2017.2694447.

    2016

    • Dafflon, Baptiste, et al. “Geophysical Estimation of Shallow Permafrost Distribution and Properties in an Ice-Wedge Polygon-Dominated Arctic Tundra Region”. GEOPHYSICS, vol. 81, no. 1, 2016, pp. WA247 - WA263, https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0175.1.
    • Dafflon, Baptiste, et al. “Quantification of Arctic Soil and Permafrost Properties Using Ground Penetrating Radar”. 2016 16th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) , 2016, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGPR.2016.7572663.

    2015

    • Wainwright, Haruko M., et al. “Identifying Multiscale Zonation and Assessing the Relative Importance of Polygon Geomorphology on Carbon Fluxes in an Arctic Tundra Ecosystem”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 120, no. 4, 2015, pp. 788-0, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002799.

    2014

    • Gangodagamage, Chandana, et al. “Extrapolating Active Layer Thickness Measurements across Arctic Polygonal Terrain Using LiDAR and NDVI Data Sets”. Water Resources Research, vol. 50, no. 8, 2014, pp. 6339-57, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014283.

    2013

    • Dafflon, Baptiste, et al. “Electrical Conductivity Imaging of Active Layer and Permafrost in an Arctic Ecosystem, through Advanced Inversion of Electromagnetic Induction Data”. Vadose Zone Journal, vol. 12, no. 4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2012.0161.
    • Hubbard, Susan S., et al. “Quantifying and Relating Land-Surface and Subsurface Variability in Permafrost Environments Using LiDAR and Surface Geophysical Datasets”. Hydrogeology Journal, vol. 21, no. 1, 2013, pp. 149-6, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0939-y.
  • David E. Graham

    2022

    • Zheng, Jianqiu, et al. “Quantifying PH Buffering Capacity in Acidic, Organic-Rich Arctic Soils: Measurable Proxies and Implications for Soil Carbon Degradation”. Geoderma, vol. 424, 2022, p. 116003, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116003.
    • Zhang, Lijie, et al. “Unravelling Biogeochemical Drivers of Methylmercury Production in an Arctic Fen Soil and a Bog Soil”. Environmental Pollution, vol. 299, 2022, p. 118878, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118878.

    2021

    • Roy_Chowdhury, Taniya, et al. “Temporal, Spatial, and Temperature Controls on Organic Carbon Mineralization and Methanogenesis in Arctic High-Centered Polygon SoilsData_Sheet_1.Docx”. Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 11, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.61651810.3389/fmicb.2020.616518.s001.

    2020

    • Philben, Michael J., et al. “Anaerobic Respiration Pathways and Response to Increased Substrate Availability of Arctic Wetland Soils”. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, vol. 22, no. 10, 2020, pp. 2070-83, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EM00124D.
    • Philben, Michael J., et al. “Influences of Hillslope Biogeochemistry on Anaerobic Soil Organic Matter Decomposition in a Tundra Watershed”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 125, no. 7, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005512.

    2019

    • Zheng, Jianqiu, et al. “Modeling Anaerobic Soil Organic Carbon Decomposition in Arctic Polygon Tundra: Insights into Soil Geochemical Influences on Carbon Mineralization”. Biogeosciences, vol. 16, no. 3, 2019, pp. 663-80, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-663-2019.
    • Yang, Ziming, et al. “Temperature Sensitivity of Mineral-Enzyme Interactions on the Hydrolysis of Cellobiose and Indican by Beta-Glucosidase”. Science of The Total Environment, vol. 686, 2019, pp. 1194-01, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.479.

    2018

    • Jubb, Aaron M., et al. “Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Films at the air–water Interface in Arctic Tundra Waters”. Science of The Total Environment, vol. 633, 2018, pp. 1460-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.332.
    • Zheng, Jianqiu, et al. “Impacts of Temperature and Soil Characteristics on Methane Production and Oxidation in Arctic Polygonal Tundra”. Biogeosciences Discussions, 2018, pp. 1-27, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-56610.5194/bg-2017-566-supplement10.5194/bg-2017-566-RC110.5194/bg-2017-566-RC210.5194/bg-2017-566-AC110.5194/bg-2017-566-AC2.
    • Chen, Hongmei, et al. “Molecular Insights into Arctic Soil Organic Matter Degradation under Warming”. Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 52, no. 8, 2018, pp. 4555-64, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b05469.

    2017

    • Herndon, Elizabeth M., et al. “Influence of Iron Redox Cycling on Organo-Mineral Associations in Arctic Tundra Soil”. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 207, 2017, pp. 210-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.02.034.
    • Grant, Robert F., et al. “Mathematical Modeling of Arctic Polygonal Tundra With Ecosys: 1. Microtopography Determines How Active Layer Depths Respond to Changes in Temperature and Precipitation”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 122, no. 12, 2017, pp. 3161-73, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004035.
    • Yang, Ziming, et al. “Microbial Community and Functional Gene Changes in Arctic Tundra Soils in a Microcosm Warming Experiment”. Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 27, no. 3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01741.

    2016

    • Throckmorton, Heather M., et al. “Active Layer Hydrology in an Arctic Tundra Ecosystem: Quantifying Water Sources and Cycling Using Water Stable Isotopes”. Hydrological Processes, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10883.
    • Tang, Guoping, et al. “Biogeochemical Model of Carbon Dioxide and Methane Production in Anoxic Arctic Soil Microcosms”. Biogeosciences Discussions, 2016, pp. 1-31, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2016-20710.5194/bg-2016-207-supplement10.5194/bg-2016-207-RC110.5194/bg-2016-207-RC210.5194/bg-2016-207-RC310.5194/bg-2016-207-AC110.5194/bg-2016-207-AC2.
    • Yang, Ziming, et al. “Effects of Warming on the Degradation and Production of Low-Molecular-Weight Labile Organic Carbon in an Arctic Tundra Soil”. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 95, 2016, pp. 202-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.12.022.
    • Schädel, Christina, et al. “Potential Carbon Emissions Dominated by Carbon Dioxide from Thawed Permafrost Soils”. Nature Climate Change, vol. 6, no. 10, 2016, pp. 950-3, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3054.
    • Xu, Xiaofeng, et al. “Reviews and Syntheses: Four Decades of Modeling Methane Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems”. Biogeosciences, vol. 13, no. 12, 2016, pp. 3735-5, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3735-2016.
    • Yang, Ziming, et al. “Warming Increases Methylmercury Production in an Arctic Soil”. Environmental Pollution, vol. 214, 2016, pp. 504-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.069.

    2015

    • Xu, Xiaofeng, et al. “A Microbial Functional Group-Based Module for Simulating Methane Production and Consumption: Application to an Incubated Permafrost Soil”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 120, no. 7, 2015, pp. 1315-33, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG002935.
    • Herndon, Elizabeth M., et al. “Geochemical Drivers of Organic Matter Decomposition in Arctic Tundra Soils”. Biogeochemistry, vol. 126, no. 3, 2015, pp. 397-14, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-015-0165-5.
    • Mann, Benjamin F., et al. “Indexing Permafrost Soil Organic Matter Degradation Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry”. PLOS ONE, vol. 10, no. 6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130557.
    • Heikoop, Jeffrey Martin, et al. “Isotopic Identification of Soil and Permafrost Nitrate Sources in an Arctic Tundra Ecosystem”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 120, no. 6, 2015, pp. 1000-17, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002883.
    • Newman, Brent D., et al. “Microtopographic and Depth Controls on Active Layer Chemistry in Arctic Polygonal Ground”. Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 42, no. 6, 2015, pp. 1808-17, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062804.
    • Herndon, Elizabeth M., et al. “Pathways of Anaerobic Organic Matter Decomposition in Tundra Soils from Barrow, Alaska”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 120, no. 11, 2015, pp. 2345-59, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003147.
    • RoyChowdhury, Taniya, et al. “Stoichiometry and Temperature Sensitivity of Methanogenesis and CO<sub>2< Sub> Production from Saturated Polygonal Tundra in Barrow, Alaska”. Global Change Biology, vol. 21, no. 2, 2015, pp. 722-37, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12762.

    2012

    • Graham, David E., et al. “Microbes in Thawing Permafrost: The Unknown Variable in the Climate Change Equation”. The ISME Journal, vol. 6, no. 4, 2012, pp. 709-12, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.163.
  • Susan L. Heinz

    2020

    • Krassovski, Misha B., et al. “Hybrid-Energy Module for Remote Environmental Observations, Instruments, and Communications”. Advances in Polar Science , vol. 31, no. 3, 2020, pp. 156-6, https://doi.org/10.13679/j.advps.2020.0008.
  • Colleen M. Iversen

    2022

    • Bennett, Katrina E., et al. “Spatial Patterns of Snow Distribution for Improved Earth System Modelling in the Arctic”. The Cryosphere, 2022, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-341.

    2021

    • Euskirchen, Eugénie S., et al. “Assessing Dynamic Vegetation Model Parameter Uncertainty across Alaskan Arctic Tundra Plant Communities”. Ecological Applications, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2499.
    • Sulman, Benjamin N., et al. “Integrating Arctic Plant Functional Types in a Land Surface Model Using Above‐ and Belowground Field Observations”. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 13, no. 4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002396.
    • Mekonnen, Zelalem A., et al. “Topographical Controls on Hillslope‐Scale Hydrology Drive Shrub Distributions on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 126, no. 2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005823.
    • Ladd, Mallory P., et al. “Untargeted Exometabolomics Provides a Powerful Approach to Investigate Biogeochemical Hotspots With Vegetation and Polygon Type in Arctic Tundra Soils”. Soil Systems, vol. 5, no. 1, 2021, p. 10, https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems5010010.

    2020

    • Zhu, Qing, et al. “Assessing Impacts of Plant Stoichiometric Traits on Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Accumulation Using the E3SM Land Model”. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001841.
    • Iversen, Colleen M., et al. “Building a Culture of Safety and Trust in Team Science”. Eos, vol. 101, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EO143064.
    • Lara, Mark J., et al. “Local-Scale Arctic Tundra Heterogeneity Affects Regional-Scale Carbon Dynamics”. Nature Communications, vol. 11, no. 1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18768-z.
    • Gallagher, Rachael V., et al. “Open Science Principles for Accelerating Trait-Based Science across the Tree of Life”. Nature Ecology & Evolution, vol. 4, no. 3, 2020, pp. 294-03, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-020-1109-6.
    • Bergmann, Joana, et al. “The Fungal Collaboration Gradient Dominates the Root Economics Space in Plants”. Science Advances, vol. 6, no. 27, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba3756.

    2019

    • Salmon, Verity G., et al. “Alder Distribution and Expansion across a Tundra Hillslope: Implications for Local N Cycling”. Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 10, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01099.
    • Langford, Zachary L., et al. “Arctic Vegetation Mapping Using Unsupervised Training Datasets and Convolutional Neural Networks”. Remote Sensing, vol. 11, no. 1, 2019, p. 69, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11010069.
    • Norby, Richard J., et al. “Controls on Fine-Scale Spatial and Temporal Variability of Plant-Available Inorganic Nitrogen in a Polygonal Tundra Landscape”. Ecosystems, vol. 22, 2019, pp. 528–543, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0285-6.

    2016

    • Langford, Zachary L., et al. “Mapping Arctic Plant Functional Type Distributions in the Barrow Environmental Observatory Using WorldView-2 and LiDAR Datasets”. Remote Sensing, vol. 8, no. 9, 2016, p. 733, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8090733.
    • Kumar, Jitendra, et al. “Modeling the Spatiotemporal Variability in Subsurface Thermal Regimes across a Low-Relief Polygonal Tundra Landscape”. The Cryosphere, vol. 10, no. 5, 2016, pp. 2241-74, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2241-2016.
    • Schädel, Christina, et al. “Potential Carbon Emissions Dominated by Carbon Dioxide from Thawed Permafrost Soils”. Nature Climate Change, vol. 6, no. 10, 2016, pp. 950-3, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3054.
    • Zhu, Qing, et al. “Root Traits Explain Observed Tundra Vegetation Nitrogen Uptake Patterns: Implications for Trait-Based Land Models”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 121, no. 12, 2016, pp. 3101-12, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003554.
    • Zhu, Qing, et al. “Root Traits Explain Observed Tundra Vegetation Nitrogen Uptake Patterns: Implications for trait‐based Land Models”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 121, no. 12, 2016, pp. 3101-12, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JG003554.
    • Walker, Donald A., et al. “The Alaska Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA-AK)”. Phytocoenologia, vol. 46, no. 2, 2016, pp. 221-9, https://doi.org/10.1127/phyto/2016/0128.

    2015

    • Treat, Claire C., et al. “A Pan-Arctic Synthesis of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Production from Anoxic Soil Incubations”. Global Change Biology, vol. 21, no. 7, 2015, pp. 2787-03, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12875.
    • Wullschleger, Stan D., et al. “Genomics in a Changing Arctic: Critical Questions Await the Molecular Ecologist”. Molecular Ecology, vol. 24, no. 10, 2015, pp. 2301-9, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13166.
    • Heikoop, Jeffrey Martin, et al. “Isotopic Identification of Soil and Permafrost Nitrate Sources in an Arctic Tundra Ecosystem”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 120, no. 6, 2015, pp. 1000-17, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002883.
    • Warren, Jeffery M., et al. “Root Structural and Functional Dynamics in Terrestrial Biosphere Models - Evaluation and Recommendations”. New Phytologist, vol. 205, no. 1, 2015, pp. 59-78, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13034.
    • Iversen, Colleen M., et al. “The Unseen Iceberg: Plant Roots in Arctic Tundra”. New Phytologist, vol. 205, no. 1, 2015, pp. 34-58, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13003.

    2014

    • Wullschleger, Stan D., et al. “Plant Functional Types in Earth System Models: Past Experiences and Future Directions for Application of Dynamic Vegetation Models in High-Latitude Ecosystems”. Annals of Botany, vol. 114, no. 1, 2014, pp. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcu077.
  • Philip Marsh

    2010

    • Rowland, Joel C., et al. “Arctic Landscapes in Transition: Responses to Thawing Permafrost”. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, vol. 91, no. 26, 2010, p. 229, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010EO260001.
  • Charles E. Miller

    2021

    • Cawse-Nicholson, Kerry, et al. “NASA’s Surface Biology and Geology Designated Observable: A Perspective on Surface Imaging Algorithms”. Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 257, 2021, p. 112349, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112349.

    2018

    • Parazoo, Nicholas C., et al. “Detecting the Permafrost Carbon Feedback: Talik Formation and Increased Cold-Seasonrespiration As Precursors to Sink-to-Source Transitions”. The Cryosphere Discussions, 2018, pp. 1-44, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2017-18910.5194/tc-2017-189-RC110.5194/tc-2017-189-RC210.5194/tc-2017-189-AC110.5194/tc-2017-189-AC2.
    • Fisher, Joshua B., et al. “Missing Pieces to Modeling the Arctic-Boreal Puzzle”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 13, no. 2, 2018, p. 020202, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9d9a.

    2016

    • Xu, Xiyan, et al. “A Multi-Scale Comparison of Modeled and Observed Seasonal Methane Emissions in Northern Wetlands”. Biogeosciences, vol. 13, no. 17, 2016, pp. 5043-56, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5043-201610.5194/bg-13-5043-2016-supplement.
    • Parazoo, Nicholas C., et al. “Detecting Regional Patterns of Changing CO <sub>2< Sub> Flux in Alaska”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 113, no. 28, 2016, pp. 7733-8, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601085113.
  • Isla H. Myers-Smith

    2022

    • Curasi, Salvatore R., et al. “Range Shifts in a Foundation Sedge Potentially Induce Large Arctic Ecosystem Carbon Losses and Gains”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 17, no. 4, 2022, p. 045024, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac6005.

    2021

    • Mekonnen, Zelalem A., et al. “Arctic Tundra Shrubification: A Review of Mechanisms and Impacts on Ecosystem Carbon Balance”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 16, no. 5, 2021, p. 053001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abf28b.
    • Kropp, Heather, et al. “Shallow Soils Are Warmer under Trees and Tall Shrubs across Arctic and Boreal Ecosystems”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 16, no. 1, 2021, p. 015001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abc994.

    2017

    • Walker, Anthony P., et al. “Trait Covariance: The Functional Warp of Plant Diversity?”. New Phytologist, vol. 216, no. 4, 2017, pp. 976-80, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14853.
  • Alistair Rogers

    2022

    • Lamour, Julien, et al. “New Calculations for Photosynthesis Measurement Systems: What’s the Impact for Physiologists and Modelers?”. New Phytologist, vol. 233, no. 2, 2022, pp. 592-8, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17762.
    • Rogers, Alistair, et al. “Reducing Model Uncertainty of Climate Change Impacts on High Latitude Carbon Assimilation”. Global Change Biology, vol. 28, no. 4, 2022, pp. 1222-47, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15958 .

    2021

    • Burnett, Angela C., et al. “A Best-Practice Guide to Predicting Plant Traits from Leaf-Level Hyperspectral Data Using Partial Least Squares Regression”. Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 72, no. 18, 2021, pp. 6175-89, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab295.
    • Ely, Kim S., et al. “A Reporting Format for Leaf-Level Gas Exchange Data and Metadata”. Ecological Informatics, vol. 61, 2021, p. 101232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101232.
    • Rogers, Alistair, et al. “Triose Phosphate Utilization Limitation: An Unnecessary Complexity in Terrestrial Biosphere Model Representation of Photosynthesis”. New Phytologist, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17092.

    2020

    • Iversen, Colleen M., et al. “Building a Culture of Safety and Trust in Team Science”. Eos, vol. 101, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EO143064.

    2019

    • Serbin, Shawn P., et al. “From the Arctic to the Tropics: Multibiome Prediction of Leaf Mass Per Area Using Leaf Reflectance”. New Phytologist, vol. 224, 2019, pp. 1557-68, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16123.
    • Kumarathunge, Dushan P., et al. “No Evidence for Triose Phosphate Limitation of light‐saturated Leaf Photosynthesis under Current Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration”. Plant, Cell & Environment, vol. 42, no. 12, 2019, pp. 3241-52, https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13639.
    • Rogers, Alistair, et al. “Terrestrial Biosphere Models May Overestimate Arctic Carbon Dioxide Assimilation If They Do Not Account for Decreased Quantum Yield and Convexity at Low Temperature”. New Phytologist, vol. 223, no. 223, 2019, pp. 167-79, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15750.
    • Burnett, Angela C., et al. “The ‘one‐point method’ for Estimating Maximum Carboxylation Capacity of Photosynthesis: A Cautionary Tale”. Plant, Cell & Environment, vol. 42, no. 8, 2019, pp. 2472-81, https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13574.

    2018

    • Lombardozzi, Danica L., et al. “Triose Phosphate Limitation in Photosynthesis Models Reduces Leaf Photosynthesis and Global Terrestrial Carbon Storage”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 13, no. 7, 2018, p. 074025, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aacf68.

    2017

    • Ghimire, Bardan, et al. “A Global Trait-Based Approach to Estimate Leaf Nitrogen Functional Allocation from Observations”. Ecological Applications, vol. 27, no. 5, 2017, pp. 1421-34, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1542.
    • Rogers, Alistair, et al. “A Roadmap for Improving the Representation of Photosynthesis in Earth System Models”. New Phytologist, vol. 213, no. 1, 2017, pp. 22-42, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14283.
    • Lewin, Keith F., et al. “A Zero-Power Warming Chamber for Investigating Plant Responses to Rising Temperature”. Biogeosciences, vol. 14, no. 18, 2017, pp. 4071-83, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4071-2017.
    • Rogers, Alistair, et al. “Terrestrial Biosphere Models Underestimate Photosynthetic Capacity and Carbon Dioxide Assimilation in the Arctic”. New Phytologist, vol. 216: 1090-1103, no. 4, 2017, pp. 1090-03, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14740.

    2016

    • Ali, Ashehad A., et al. “A Global Scale Mechanistic Model of Photosynthetic Capacity (LUNA V1.0)”. Geoscientific Model Development, vol. 9, no. 2, 2016, pp. 587-06, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-587-201610.5194/gmd-9-587-2016-supplement.
    • De Kauwe, Martin G., et al. “A Test of the ‘one-Point method’ for Estimating Maximum Carboxylation Capacity from Field-Measured, Light-Saturated Photosynthesis”. New Phytologist, no. 3, 2016, pp. 1130-44, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13815.

    2015

    • Ali, Ashehad A., et al. “Global-Scale Environmental Control of Plant Photosynthetic Capacity”. Ecological Applications, vol. 25, no. 8, 2015, pp. 2349-65, https://doi.org/10.1890/14-2111.110.1890/14-2111.1.sm.
    • Lin, Yan-Shih, et al. “Optimal Stomatal Behaviour Around the World”. Nature Climate Change, vol. 5, no. 5, 2015, pp. 459-64, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2550.

    2014

    • Rogers, Alistair, et al. “Improving Representation of Photosynthesis in Earth System Models”. New Phytologist, vol. 204, no. 1, 2014, pp. 12-14, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12972.
    • Rogers, Alistair. “The Use and Misuse of Vc,max in Earth System Models”. Photosynthesis Research, vol. 119, no. 1-2, 2014, pp. 15-29, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-013-9818-1.
  • Joel C. Rowland

    2021

    • Glade, Rachel C., et al. “Arctic Soil Patterns Analogous to Fluid Instabilities”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 118, no. 21, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101255118.

    2017

    • Shelef, Eitan, et al. “Large Uncertainty in Permafrost Carbon Stocks Due to Hillslope Soil Deposits”. Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 44, no. 12, 2017, pp. 6134-4, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.v44.1210.1002/2017GL073823.

    2016

    • Harp, Dylan R., et al. “Effect of Soil Property Uncertainties on Permafrost Thaw Projections: A Calibration-Constrained Analysis”. The Cryosphere, vol. 10, no. 1, 2016, pp. 341-58, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-341-201610.5194/tc-10-341-2016-supplement.
    • Rowland, Joel C., and Ethan T. Coon. “From Documentation to Prediction: How Remote Sensing and Mechanistic Modeling Are Raising the Bar for Thermokarst Research”. Hydrogeology Journal, vol. 24, no. 3, 2016, pp. 645-8, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-015-1331-5.

    2014

    • Gangodagamage, Chandana, et al. “Extrapolating Active Layer Thickness Measurements across Arctic Polygonal Terrain Using LiDAR and NDVI Data Sets”. Water Resources Research, vol. 50, no. 8, 2014, pp. 6339-57, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014283.
    • Moody, Daniela I., et al. “Land Cover Classification in Multispectral Imagery Using Clustering of Sparse Approximations over Learned Feature Dictionaries”. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, vol. 8, no. 1, 2014, p. 084793, https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.8.084793.

    2013

    • Skurikhin, Alexei N., et al. “Arctic Tundra Ice-Wedge Landscape Characterization by Active Contours Without Edges and Structural Analysis Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery”. Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 4, no. 11, 2013, pp. 1077-86, https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2013.840404.
    • Hubbard, Susan S., et al. “Quantifying and Relating Land-Surface and Subsurface Variability in Permafrost Environments Using LiDAR and Surface Geophysical Datasets”. Hydrogeology Journal, vol. 21, no. 1, 2013, pp. 149-6, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0939-y.

    2012

    • Lewis, K. C., et al. “Drainage Subsidence Associated With Arctic Permafrost Degradation”. Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 117, no. F4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF002284.

    2011

    • Rowland, Joel C., et al. “The Role of Advective Heat Transport in Talik Development Beneath Lakes and Ponds in Discontinuous Permafrost”. Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 38, no. 17, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048497.

    2010

    • Rowland, Joel C., et al. “Arctic Landscapes in Transition: Responses to Thawing Permafrost”. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, vol. 91, no. 26, 2010, p. 229, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010EO260001.
  • Verity G. Salmon

    2022

    • McCaully, Rachel E., et al. “High Temporal and Spatial Variability of Nitrate on an Alaskan Hillslope Dominated by Alder Shrubs”. The Cryosphere, 2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-166.

    2021

    • Euskirchen, Eugénie S., et al. “Assessing Dynamic Vegetation Model Parameter Uncertainty across Alaskan Arctic Tundra Plant Communities”. Ecological Applications, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2499.
    • Sulman, Benjamin N., et al. “Integrating Arctic Plant Functional Types in a Land Surface Model Using Above‐ and Belowground Field Observations”. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 13, no. 4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002396.
    • Yang, Dedi, et al. “Landscape-Scale Characterization of Arctic Tundra Vegetation Composition, Structure, and Function With a Multi-Sensor Unoccupied Aerial System”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 16, no. 8, 2021, p. 085005, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1291.
    • Kropp, Heather, et al. “Shallow Soils Are Warmer under Trees and Tall Shrubs across Arctic and Boreal Ecosystems”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 16, no. 1, 2021, p. 015001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abc994.
    • Mekonnen, Zelalem A., et al. “Topographical Controls on Hillslope‐Scale Hydrology Drive Shrub Distributions on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 126, no. 2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005823.

    2020

    • Yang, Dedi, et al. “A Multi-Sensor Unoccupied Aerial System Improves Characterization of Vegetation Composition and Canopy Properties in the Arctic Tundra”. Remote Sensing, vol. 12, no. 16, 2020, p. 2638, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162638.

    2019

    • Salmon, Verity G., et al. “Alder Distribution and Expansion across a Tundra Hillslope: Implications for Local N Cycling”. Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 10, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01099.

    2017

    • Mauritz, Marguerite, et al. “Nonlinear Carbon Dioxide Flux Response to 7 years of Experimentally Induced Permafrost Thaw”. Global Change Biology, no. 23, 2017, pp. 3646–3666, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13661.
  • Peter E. Thornton

    2021

    • Sulman, Benjamin N., et al. “Integrating Arctic Plant Functional Types in a Land Surface Model Using Above‐ and Belowground Field Observations”. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 13, no. 4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002396.

    2019

    • Salmon, Verity G., et al. “Alder Distribution and Expansion across a Tundra Hillslope: Implications for Local N Cycling”. Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 10, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01099.
    • Wang, Yihui, et al. “Mechanistic Modeling of Microtopographic Impacts on Carbon Dioxide and Methane Fluxes in an Alaskan Tundra Ecosystem Using the CLM‐Microbe Model”. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 11, 2019, p. 17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001771.
    • Zheng, Jianqiu, et al. “Modeling Anaerobic Soil Organic Carbon Decomposition in Arctic Polygon Tundra: Insights into Soil Geochemical Influences on Carbon Mineralization”. Biogeosciences, vol. 16, no. 3, 2019, pp. 663-80, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-663-2019.

    2017

    • Xu, Xiaofeng, et al. “Global Pattern and Controls of Soil Microbial Metabolic Quotient”. Ecological Monographs, vol. 87, no. 3, 2017, pp. 429-41, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1258.

    2016

    • Tang, Guoping, et al. “Addressing Numerical Challenges in Introducing a Reactive Transport Code into a Land Surface Model: A Biogeochemical Modeling Proof-of-Concept With CLM–PFLOTRAN 1.0”. Geoscientific Model Development, vol. 9, no. 3, 2016, pp. 927-46, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-927-2016.
    • Tang, Guoping, et al. “Biogeochemical Model of Carbon Dioxide and Methane Production in Anoxic Arctic Soil Microcosms”. Biogeosciences Discussions, 2016, pp. 1-31, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2016-20710.5194/bg-2016-207-supplement10.5194/bg-2016-207-RC110.5194/bg-2016-207-RC210.5194/bg-2016-207-RC310.5194/bg-2016-207-AC110.5194/bg-2016-207-AC2.
    • Kumar, Jitendra, et al. “Modeling the Spatiotemporal Variability in Subsurface Thermal Regimes across a Low-Relief Polygonal Tundra Landscape”. The Cryosphere, vol. 10, no. 5, 2016, pp. 2241-74, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2241-2016.
    • Xu, Xiaofeng, et al. “Reviews and Syntheses: Four Decades of Modeling Methane Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems”. Biogeosciences, vol. 13, no. 12, 2016, pp. 3735-5, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3735-2016.

    2015

    • Xu, Xiaofeng, et al. “A Microbial Functional Group-Based Module for Simulating Methane Production and Consumption: Application to an Incubated Permafrost Soil”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 120, no. 7, 2015, pp. 1315-33, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG002935.
    • Wullschleger, Stan D., et al. “Leaf Respiration (GlobResp) - Global Trait Database Supports Earth System Models”. New Phytologist, vol. 206, no. 2, 2015, pp. 483-5, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13364.
  • Margaret S. Torn

    2021

    • Mekonnen, Zelalem A., et al. “Arctic Tundra Shrubification: A Review of Mechanisms and Impacts on Ecosystem Carbon Balance”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 16, no. 5, 2021, p. 053001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abf28b.
    • Wainwright, Haruko M., et al. “High-Resolution Spatio-Temporal Estimation of Net Ecosystem Exchange in Ice-Wedge Polygon Tundra Using In Situ Sensors and Remote Sensing Data”. Land, vol. 10, no. 7, 2021, p. 722, https://doi.org/10.3390/land10070722.
    • Dengel, Sigrid, et al. “Influence of Tundra Polygon Type and Climate Variability on Carbon Dioxide and Methane Fluxes Near Utqiagvik, Alaska”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 126, no. 12, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006262.
    • Watts, Jennifer D., et al. “Soil Respiration Strongly Offsets Carbon Uptake in Alaska and Northwest Canada”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 16, no. 8, 2021, p. 084051, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1222.
    • Virkkala, Anna-Maria, et al. “Statistical Upscaling of Ecosystem Carbon Dioxide Fluxes across the Terrestrial Tundra and Boreal Domain: Regional Patterns and Uncertainties”. Global Change Biology, vol. 27, no. 17, 2021, pp. 4040-59, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.v27.1710.1111/gcb.15659.

    2020

    • Lehmann, Johannes, et al. “Persistence of Soil Organic Carbon Caused by Functional Complexity”. Nature Geoscience, vol. 13, no. 8, 2020, pp. 529-34, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-0612-3.

    2019

    • Arora, Bhavna, et al. “Evaluating Temporal Controls on Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Fluxes in an Arctic Tundra Environment: An Entropy-Based Approach”. Science of The Total Environment, vol. 649, 2019, pp. 284-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.251.
    • Wang, Yihui, et al. “Mechanistic Modeling of Microtopographic Impacts on Carbon Dioxide and Methane Fluxes in an Alaskan Tundra Ecosystem Using the CLM‐Microbe Model”. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 11, 2019, p. 17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001771.
    • Grant, Robert F., et al. “Modeling Climate Change Impacts on an Arctic Polygonal Tundra: 2. Changes in Carbon Dioxide and Methane Exchange Depend on Rates of Permafrost Thaw As Affected by Changes in Vegetation and Drainage”. Journal of GeophysicalResearch: Biogeosciences, vol. 124, no. 5, 2019, pp. 1323-41, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004645.

    2018

    • Taş, Neslihan, et al. “Landscape Topography Structures the Soil Microbiome in Arctic Polygonal Tundra”. Nature Communications, vol. 9, no. 1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03089-z.

    2017

    • Raz-Yaseef, Naama, et al. “Evapotranspiration across Plant Types and Geomorphological Units in Polygonal Arctic Tundra”. Journal of Hydrology, vol. 553, 2017, pp. 816-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.08.036.
    • Raz-Yaseef, Naama, et al. “Large Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions from Polygonal Tundra During Spring Thaw in Northern Alaska”. Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 44, no. 1, 2017, pp. 504-13, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071220.
    • Grant, Robert F., et al. “Mathematical Modeling of Arctic Polygonal Tundra With Ecosys: 1. Microtopography Determines How Active Layer Depths Respond to Changes in Temperature and Precipitation”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 122, no. 12, 2017, pp. 3161-73, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004035.
    • Grant, Robert F., et al. “Mathematical Modeling of Arctic Polygonal Tundra With Ecosys: 2. Microtopography Determines How Carbon Dioxide and Methane Exchange Responds to Changes in Temperature and Precipitation”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 122, no. 12, 2017, pp. 3174-87, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG004037.
    • Dwivedi, Dipankar, et al. “Mineral Properties, Microbes, Transport, and Plant-Input Profiles Control Vertical Distribution and Age of Soil Carbon Stocks”. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 107, 2017, pp. 244-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.12.019.

    2016

    • Xu, Xiyan, et al. “A Multi-Scale Comparison of Modeled and Observed Seasonal Methane Emissions in Northern Wetlands”. Biogeosciences, vol. 13, no. 17, 2016, pp. 5043-56, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5043-201610.5194/bg-13-5043-2016-supplement.
    • Vaughn, Lydia J. S., et al. “Isotopic Insights into Methane Production, Oxidation, and Emissions in Arctic Polygon Tundra”. Global Change Biology, vol. 22, no. 10, 2016, pp. 3487-02, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.2016.22.issue-1010.1111/gcb.13281.

    2015

    • Wainwright, Haruko M., et al. “Identifying Multiscale Zonation and Assessing the Relative Importance of Polygon Geomorphology on Carbon Fluxes in an Arctic Tundra Ecosystem”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 120, no. 4, 2015, pp. 788-0, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002799.
    • Throckmorton, Heather M., et al. “Pathways and Transformations of Dissolved Methane and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Arctic Tundra Watersheds: Evidence from Analysis of Stable Isotopes”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol. 29, no. 11, 2015, pp. 1893-10, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB005044.

    2014

    • Riley, William J., et al. “Long Residence Times of Rapidly Decomposable Soil Organic Matter: Application of a Multi-Phase, Multi-Component, and Vertically Resolved Model (BAMS1) to Soil Carbon Dynamics”. Geoscientific Model Development, vol. 7, no. 4, 2014, pp. 1335-5, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1335-2014.
  • Terri Velliquette

    2015

    • Devarakonda, Ranjeet, et al. “Use of a Metadata Documentation and Search Tool for Large Data Volumes: The NGEE Arctic Example”. 2015 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data), 2015, https://doi.org/10.1109/BigData.2015.7364086.
  • Stan D. Wullschleger

    2022

    • Conroy, Nathan Alec, et al. “Chemostatic concentration–discharge Behaviour Observed in a Headwater Catchment Underlain With Discontinuous Permafrost”. Hydrological Processes, vol. 36, no. 5, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.v36.510.1002/hyp.14591.
    • McCaully, Rachel E., et al. “High Temporal and Spatial Variability of Nitrate on an Alaskan Hillslope Dominated by Alder Shrubs”. The Cryosphere, 2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-166.
    • Arendt, Carli A., et al. “Increased Arctic NO3− Availability As a Hydrogeomorphic Consequence of Permafrost Degradation and Landscape Drying”. Nitrogen, vol. 3, no. 2, 2022, pp. 314-32, https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen3020021.
    • Zheng, Jianqiu, et al. “Quantifying PH Buffering Capacity in Acidic, Organic-Rich Arctic Soils: Measurable Proxies and Implications for Soil Carbon Degradation”. Geoderma, vol. 424, 2022, p. 116003, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116003.
    • Curasi, Salvatore R., et al. “Range Shifts in a Foundation Sedge Potentially Induce Large Arctic Ecosystem Carbon Losses and Gains”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 17, no. 4, 2022, p. 045024, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac6005.
    • Bennett, Katrina E., et al. “Spatial Patterns of Snow Distribution for Improved Earth System Modelling in the Arctic”. The Cryosphere, 2022, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-341.
    • Zhang, Lijie, et al. “Unravelling Biogeochemical Drivers of Methylmercury Production in an Arctic Fen Soil and a Bog Soil”. Environmental Pollution, vol. 299, 2022, p. 118878, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118878.

    2021

    • Ely, Kim S., et al. “A Reporting Format for Leaf-Level Gas Exchange Data and Metadata”. Ecological Informatics, vol. 61, 2021, p. 101232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101232.
    • Roy_Chowdhury, Taniya, et al. “Temporal, Spatial, and Temperature Controls on Organic Carbon Mineralization and Methanogenesis in Arctic High-Centered Polygon SoilsData_Sheet_1.Docx”. Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 11, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.61651810.3389/fmicb.2020.616518.s001.
    • Ladd, Mallory P., et al. “Untargeted Exometabolomics Provides a Powerful Approach to Investigate Biogeochemical Hotspots With Vegetation and Polygon Type in Arctic Tundra Soils”. Soil Systems, vol. 5, no. 1, 2021, p. 10, https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems5010010.

    2020

    • Philben, Michael J., et al. “Anaerobic Respiration Pathways and Response to Increased Substrate Availability of Arctic Wetland Soils”. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, vol. 22, no. 10, 2020, pp. 2070-83, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EM00124D.
    • Iversen, Colleen M., et al. “Building a Culture of Safety and Trust in Team Science”. Eos, vol. 101, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EO143064.
    • Krassovski, Misha B., et al. “Hybrid-Energy Module for Remote Environmental Observations, Instruments, and Communications”. Advances in Polar Science , vol. 31, no. 3, 2020, pp. 156-6, https://doi.org/10.13679/j.advps.2020.0008.
    • Philben, Michael J., et al. “Influences of Hillslope Biogeochemistry on Anaerobic Soil Organic Matter Decomposition in a Tundra Watershed”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 125, no. 7, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005512.
    • Herndon, Elizabeth M., et al. “Iron and Iron-Bound Phosphate Accumulate in Surface Soils of Ice-Wedge Polygons in Arctic Tundra”. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, vol. 22, no. 7, 2020, pp. 1475-90, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EM00142B.
    • Lara, Mark J., et al. “Local-Scale Arctic Tundra Heterogeneity Affects Regional-Scale Carbon Dynamics”. Nature Communications, vol. 11, no. 1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18768-z.
    • Conroy, Nathan Alec, et al. “Timing and Duration of Hydrological Transitions in Arctic Polygonal Ground from Stable Isotopes”. Hydrological Processes, vol. 34, 2020, pp. 749-64, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13623.
    • Conroy, Nathan Alec, et al. “Timing and Duration of Hydrological Transitions in Arctic Polygonal Ground from Stable Isotopes”. Hydrological Processes, vol. 34, no. 3, 2020, pp. 749-64, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13623.
    • Wales, Nathan A., et al. “Understanding the Relative Importance of Vertical and Horizontal Flow in Ice-Wedge Polygons”. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, vol. 24, no. 3, 2020, pp. 1109-2, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1109-2020.

    2019

    • Salmon, Verity G., et al. “Alder Distribution and Expansion across a Tundra Hillslope: Implications for Local N Cycling”. Frontiers in Plant Science, vol. 10, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01099.
    • Ladd, Mallory P., et al. “Evaluation of an Untargeted Nano-Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Approach to Expand Coverage of Low Molecular Weight Dissolved Organic Matter in Arctic Soil”. Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42118-9.
    • Herndon, Elizabeth M., et al. “Iron (oxyhydr)oxides Serve As Phosphate Traps in Tundra and Boreal Peat Soils”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 124, no. 2, 2019, pp. 227-46, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004776.
    • Wang, Yihui, et al. “Mechanistic Modeling of Microtopographic Impacts on Carbon Dioxide and Methane Fluxes in an Alaskan Tundra Ecosystem Using the CLM‐Microbe Model”. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, vol. 11, 2019, p. 17, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001771.
    • Zheng, Jianqiu, et al. “Modeling Anaerobic Soil Organic Carbon Decomposition in Arctic Polygon Tundra: Insights into Soil Geochemical Influences on Carbon Mineralization”. Biogeosciences, vol. 16, no. 3, 2019, pp. 663-80, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-663-2019.
    • Yang, Ziming, et al. “Temperature Sensitivity of Mineral-Enzyme Interactions on the Hydrolysis of Cellobiose and Indican by Beta-Glucosidase”. Science of The Total Environment, vol. 686, 2019, pp. 1194-01, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.479.
    • Rogers, Alistair, et al. “Terrestrial Biosphere Models May Overestimate Arctic Carbon Dioxide Assimilation If They Do Not Account for Decreased Quantum Yield and Convexity at Low Temperature”. New Phytologist, vol. 223, no. 223, 2019, pp. 167-79, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15750.

    2018

    • Jubb, Aaron M., et al. “Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Films at the air–water Interface in Arctic Tundra Waters”. Science of The Total Environment, vol. 633, 2018, pp. 1460-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.332.
    • Young-Robertson, Jessica M., et al. “Evaporation Dominates Evapotranspiration on Alaska’s Arctic Coastal Plain”. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, vol. 50, no. 1, 2018, p. e1435931, https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2018.1435931.
    • Zheng, Jianqiu, et al. “Impacts of Temperature and Soil Characteristics on Methane Production and Oxidation in Arctic Polygonal Tundra”. Biogeosciences Discussions, 2018, pp. 1-27, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-56610.5194/bg-2017-566-supplement10.5194/bg-2017-566-RC110.5194/bg-2017-566-RC210.5194/bg-2017-566-AC110.5194/bg-2017-566-AC2.
    • Fisher, Joshua B., et al. “Missing Pieces to Modeling the Arctic-Boreal Puzzle”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 13, no. 2, 2018, p. 020202, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9d9a.
    • Chen, Hongmei, et al. “Molecular Insights into Arctic Soil Organic Matter Degradation under Warming”. Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 52, no. 8, 2018, pp. 4555-64, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b05469.

    2017

    • Raz-Yaseef, Naama, et al. “Evapotranspiration across Plant Types and Geomorphological Units in Polygonal Arctic Tundra”. Journal of Hydrology, vol. 553, 2017, pp. 816-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.08.036.
    • Raz-Yaseef, Naama, et al. “Large Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions from Polygonal Tundra During Spring Thaw in Northern Alaska”. Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 44, no. 1, 2017, pp. 504-13, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071220.
    • Yang, Ziming, et al. “Microbial Community and Functional Gene Changes in Arctic Tundra Soils in a Microcosm Warming Experiment”. Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 27, no. 3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01741.
    • Wullschleger, Stan D. “Profile: Stan D. Wullschleger”. New Phytologist, vol. 216210160, no. 4, 2017, pp. 981-3, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14869.
    • Rogers, Alistair, et al. “Terrestrial Biosphere Models Underestimate Photosynthetic Capacity and Carbon Dioxide Assimilation in the Arctic”. New Phytologist, vol. 216: 1090-1103, no. 4, 2017, pp. 1090-03, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14740.
    • Walker, Anthony P., et al. “Trait Covariance: The Functional Warp of Plant Diversity?”. New Phytologist, vol. 216, no. 4, 2017, pp. 976-80, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14853.

    2016

    • Ali, Ashehad A., et al. “A Global Scale Mechanistic Model of Photosynthetic Capacity (LUNA V1.0)”. Geoscientific Model Development, vol. 9, no. 2, 2016, pp. 587-06, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-587-201610.5194/gmd-9-587-2016-supplement.
    • Throckmorton, Heather M., et al. “Active Layer Hydrology in an Arctic Tundra Ecosystem: Quantifying Water Sources and Cycling Using Water Stable Isotopes”. Hydrological Processes, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10883.
    • Yang, Ziming, et al. “Effects of Warming on the Degradation and Production of Low-Molecular-Weight Labile Organic Carbon in an Arctic Tundra Soil”. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 95, 2016, pp. 202-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.12.022.
    • Langford, Zachary L., et al. “Mapping Arctic Plant Functional Type Distributions in the Barrow Environmental Observatory Using WorldView-2 and LiDAR Datasets”. Remote Sensing, vol. 8, no. 9, 2016, p. 733, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8090733.
    • Xu, Xiaofeng, et al. “Reviews and Syntheses: Four Decades of Modeling Methane Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems”. Biogeosciences, vol. 13, no. 12, 2016, pp. 3735-5, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3735-2016.
    • Yang, Ziming, et al. “Warming Increases Methylmercury Production in an Arctic Soil”. Environmental Pollution, vol. 214, 2016, pp. 504-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.069.

    2015

    • Xu, Xiaofeng, et al. “A Microbial Functional Group-Based Module for Simulating Methane Production and Consumption: Application to an Incubated Permafrost Soil”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 120, no. 7, 2015, pp. 1315-33, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG002935.
    • Wullschleger, Stan D., et al. “Genomics in a Changing Arctic: Critical Questions Await the Molecular Ecologist”. Molecular Ecology, vol. 24, no. 10, 2015, pp. 2301-9, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13166.
    • Herndon, Elizabeth M., et al. “Geochemical Drivers of Organic Matter Decomposition in Arctic Tundra Soils”. Biogeochemistry, vol. 126, no. 3, 2015, pp. 397-14, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-015-0165-5.
    • Ali, Ashehad A., et al. “Global-Scale Environmental Control of Plant Photosynthetic Capacity”. Ecological Applications, vol. 25, no. 8, 2015, pp. 2349-65, https://doi.org/10.1890/14-2111.110.1890/14-2111.1.sm.
    • Mann, Benjamin F., et al. “Indexing Permafrost Soil Organic Matter Degradation Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry”. PLOS ONE, vol. 10, no. 6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130557.
    • Heikoop, Jeffrey Martin, et al. “Isotopic Identification of Soil and Permafrost Nitrate Sources in an Arctic Tundra Ecosystem”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 120, no. 6, 2015, pp. 1000-17, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002883.
    • Wullschleger, Stan D., et al. “Leaf Respiration (GlobResp) - Global Trait Database Supports Earth System Models”. New Phytologist, vol. 206, no. 2, 2015, pp. 483-5, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13364.
    • Cohen, Lily R., et al. “Measuring Diurnal Cycles of Evapotranspiration in the Arctic With an Automated Chamber System”. Ecohydrology, vol. 8, no. 4, 2015, pp. 652-9, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1532.
    • Newman, Brent D., et al. “Microtopographic and Depth Controls on Active Layer Chemistry in Arctic Polygonal Ground”. Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 42, no. 6, 2015, pp. 1808-17, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062804.
    • Throckmorton, Heather M., et al. “Pathways and Transformations of Dissolved Methane and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in Arctic Tundra Watersheds: Evidence from Analysis of Stable Isotopes”. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol. 29, no. 11, 2015, pp. 1893-10, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB005044.
    • Herndon, Elizabeth M., et al. “Pathways of Anaerobic Organic Matter Decomposition in Tundra Soils from Barrow, Alaska”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 120, no. 11, 2015, pp. 2345-59, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003147.
    • Warren, Jeffery M., et al. “Root Structural and Functional Dynamics in Terrestrial Biosphere Models - Evaluation and Recommendations”. New Phytologist, vol. 205, no. 1, 2015, pp. 59-78, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13034.
    • Weston, David J., et al. “Sphagnum Physiology in the Context of Changing Climate: Emergent Influences of Genomics, Modelling and Host-Microbiome Interactions on Understanding Ecosystem Function”. Plant, Cell & Environment, vol. 38, no. 9, 2015, pp. 1737-51, https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12458.
    • RoyChowdhury, Taniya, et al. “Stoichiometry and Temperature Sensitivity of Methanogenesis and CO<sub>2< Sub> Production from Saturated Polygonal Tundra in Barrow, Alaska”. Global Change Biology, vol. 21, no. 2, 2015, pp. 722-37, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12762.
    • Iversen, Colleen M., et al. “The Unseen Iceberg: Plant Roots in Arctic Tundra”. New Phytologist, vol. 205, no. 1, 2015, pp. 34-58, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13003.
    • Devarakonda, Ranjeet, et al. “Use of a Metadata Documentation and Search Tool for Large Data Volumes: The NGEE Arctic Example”. 2015 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data), 2015, https://doi.org/10.1109/BigData.2015.7364086.

    2014

    • Gangodagamage, Chandana, et al. “Extrapolating Active Layer Thickness Measurements across Arctic Polygonal Terrain Using LiDAR and NDVI Data Sets”. Water Resources Research, vol. 50, no. 8, 2014, pp. 6339-57, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014283.
    • Wullschleger, Stan D., et al. “Plant Functional Types in Earth System Models: Past Experiences and Future Directions for Application of Dynamic Vegetation Models in High-Latitude Ecosystems”. Annals of Botany, vol. 114, no. 1, 2014, pp. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcu077.
    • Hayes, Daniel J., et al. “The Impacts of Recent Permafrost Thaw on land–atmosphere Greenhouse Gas Exchange”. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 9, no. 4, 2014, p. 045005, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/4/045005.

    2013

    • Hubbard, Susan S., et al. “Quantifying and Relating Land-Surface and Subsurface Variability in Permafrost Environments Using LiDAR and Surface Geophysical Datasets”. Hydrogeology Journal, vol. 21, no. 1, 2013, pp. 149-6, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-012-0939-y.
    • Wu, Yuxin, et al. “Remote Monitoring of freeze–thaw Transitions in Arctic Soils Using the Complex Resistivity Method”. Vadose Zone Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2012.0062.

    2012

    • Lee, Hanna, et al. “Enhancing Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences by Integrating Empirical Modeling Approaches”. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, vol. 93, no. 25, 2012, pp. 237-, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012EO250008.
    • McCarthy, Heather R., et al. “Integrating Empirical-Modeling Approaches to Improve Understanding of Terrestrial Ecology Processes”. New Phytologist, vol. 195, no. 3, 2012, pp. 523-5, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04222.x.
    • Graham, David E., et al. “Microbes in Thawing Permafrost: The Unknown Variable in the Climate Change Equation”. The ISME Journal, vol. 6, no. 4, 2012, pp. 709-12, https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.163.
    • Xu, Chonggang, et al. “Toward a Mechanistic Modeling of Nitrogen Limitation on Vegetation Dynamics”. PLOS ONE, vol. 7, no. 5, 2012, p. e37914, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037914.

    2011

    • Hanson, Paul J., et al. “A Method for Experimental Heating of Intact Soil Profiles for Application to Climate Change Experiments”. Global Change Biology, vol. 17, no. 2, 2011, pp. 1083-96, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.2010.17.issue-210.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02221.x.
    • Xu, Chonggang, et al. “Importance of Feedback Loops Between Soil Inorganic Nitrogen and Microbial Communities in the Heterotrophic Soil Respiration Response to Global Warming”. Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol. 9, no. 3, 2011, pp. 222-, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2439-c1.
    • Wullschleger, Stan D., et al. “Planning the Next Generation of Arctic Ecosystem Experiments”. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, vol. 92, no. 17, 2011, p. 145, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011EO170006.

    2010

    • Wullschleger, Stan D., and Maya Strahl. “Climate Change: A Controlled Experiment”. Scientific American, vol. 302, no. 3, 2010, pp. 78-83, https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0310-78.